The most recent data show the estimated population of Montgomery County at 90,517 in 2008. From 1990 to 2000, the County population grew 12.8%. While this growth rate is less than the 16.4% of the previous decade, the County continues to enjoy a manageable rate of growth in population.

The graph below provides a comparison of the age distribution in Montgomery County in 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. From 1970 to 1990, the age distribution has shifted significantly with the population becoming increasingly older. By 2000, 26% percent of the population was between the ages of 25 and 44, compared with only 23 percent in this age group in 1970. This can be attributed to the marked increase in enrollment at Virginia Tech over the past 30 years.

The large student population in the area heavily influences Montgomery County's income figures. In 2008, there were over 35,000 full and part-time students at Virginia Tech in Montgomery County and Radford University in the City of Radford, with the student population representing one-third of the total population for these two localities. Median family income, per capita personal income, and disposable income figures are presented in tables below: